Mangifera indica pdf

A host of other insects can do serious damage, such as mango mealybug Drosicha mangiferae , Perissopneumon ferox , mango gall midges Erosomyia indica , Dasineura amaramanjarae, Procystiphora mangiferae, Amradiplosis allahabadensis, Procontarinia , mango shoot gall psylla Apsylla cistellata, Pauropsylla brevicornis , fruit flies Bactrocera, Ceratitis capitata, Anastrepha , fruit-sucking moths Eudocima, Achaea , fruit borers, thrips, ants, termites Isoptera , grey weevil Myllocerus , flea weevil Rhynchaenus mangiferae , leaf-cutting weevil Deporaus Eugnamptus marginatus , aphids, stone weevil Sternochetus , leaf-eating caterpillars, shoot borers, leaf miners Acrocercops , bark-eating caterpillars Indarbela quadrinotata , stem borers Batocera , coccids and mango leaf webbers Orthaga, Lamida carbonifera.

This species is mainly moved and dispersed by humans through the commercialization and consumption of its fruits. In addition to humans, fruits are also eaten and dispersed by large variety of animals including monkeys, bats, elephants, hornbills, raccoons and porcupines Orwa et al.

Mango is cultivated for the fruit which can be eaten in three distinct ways, depending largely on the cultivar: unripe mature green, very popular in Thailand and the Philippines ; ripe the common way to enjoy mango throughout the world ; and processed at various stages of maturity, in the form of pickles or chutneys, dried slices, canned slices in syrup, juice, puree or paste, etc. The green fruit is also used to flavour fish and meat dishes in the same way as tamarind and other sour fruits.

Seed kernels form a by-product of processing; they can be used as feed for cattle and poultry. In India the kernels are also important as a famine-food, but the astringency has to be removed by boiling, roasting or soaking the kernels for a long time. Young leaves are eaten fresh or cooked as a vegetable. Dried flowers or bark and decoctions of the kernels serve as astringents in traditional medicine.

Extracts of unripe fruit and of bark, stems and leaves have shown antibiotic activity. The wood is fairly strong, hard and easy to work but it must be treated with preservatives when used in construction and outdoor applications.

It makes excellent charcoal and is also used to culture mushrooms. Mangoes are an important component of the diet in many less developed countries in the subtropics and tropics.

In regions of the world that have experienced low living standards and serious nutritional deficiencies their attractiveness and flavour have also enhanced the quality of life. Surplus production has increasingly been processed and fruit of certain cultivars is destined for export as fresh fruit. No part of the fruit is wasted. Mango wood is a low quality timber, and the bark of the tree is an important source of tannins for curing leather. The fruit also has some medicinal characteristics Garrido and Valdes, Catalogue of the Seed Plants of the West Indies.

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First report of postharvest Stemphylium rot of mango Mangifera indica caused by Stemphylium vesicarium in Pakistan. Plant Disease. First report of Verticillium wilt of mango Mangifera indica caused by Verticillium dahliae in Italy. Aetiology and causal agents of mango sudden decline disease in the Sultanate of Oman. European Journal of Plant Pathology. Diplodia theobromae associated with sudden decline of mango in the Sultanate of Oman.

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First report of branch dieback in Mango trees caused by Neofusicoccum parvum in Spain. First report of Rosellinia necatrix causing white root rot in mango trees in Spain. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment. Orthops palus Heteroptera: Miridae , a major pest of mango in Reunion Island. Acta Horticulturae. Occurrence of Lepidiota sp. Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae in western Assam.

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Mango is native to South Asia and cultivated from thousand years back. It is distributed throughout world in tropical and subtropical warm climates. Almost world's half mangoes are cultivated in India and second country is China. Large variety of diseases also affect this fruit.

There are many more synonyms given to this plant in honour of the various medicinal benefits that it has for the mankind. According to first shalok chuta, rasala, kiresta, madirasakha, kamanga, shakara, parapusta and madhudhbhva are various synonyms of mango. According to second shalok unripe fruit is astringent, pungent, sour, ruksa, aggravates pitta dosha and leads to bleeding diathesis.

Old sour fruit leading to bleeding diathesis and aggravates kapha dosha. Sweet and old fruit is beneficial for the heart, appetizer, nutritious, heavy, tonic and pacifies vata dosha. Ripe fruit pacifies pitta dosha, act as sweet, tonic, nutritious heavy and leads to tympanites.

Mango juice is beneficial aromatic, snigdha, appetizer and act as heart tonic. Outermost covering, leaves have kashya rasa and used to pacify pitta and kapha dosha.

Mango fruit undergoes different stages of development like any other fruit or plant part but, at its various stages exhibit different properties which if understood well can serve a diverse medicinal purpose. Mango tree bark has astringent properties which make it useful to pacify kapha and pitta disorders. It is also useful in UTI and Diabetes. Similarly, using the above mentioned basic parts of Mango tree, a myriad of dishes and recipes can be prepared which can be put to use for mending many health problems.

External application of Mango parts can help hasten wound healing and prevent bleeding from fresh injuries. Whereas fruit yield per plant and fruit yield per hectare on Horticulture, Arabhavi, Belagavi Dist.

Karnataka, India weight basis was maximum in Mallika 8. The export of fresh fruit is limited to certain varieties which Bengaluru, Karnataka, India accounts to only 15 per cent Anon. In spite of the adoption of scientific production Kirankumar Gorabal technology, the productivity of mango is still less than 7. Hence, intensification of mango production system is the necessity in College of Horticulture, the country in the coming years.

Arabhavi, Karnataka, India Increasing productivity of mango will be possible by establishing high density orchards with Lakshmidevamma TN intensive cultivation practices, hi—tech inputs like using drip irrigation and fertigation, training Assistant Professor, Department the young trees and pruning yearly to allow sufficient interception of light and canopy of Biotechnology and Crop development within manageable height Singh, [10].

Keeping all these factors in Improvement, College of consideration the present experiment was undertaken to study the performance of mango Horticulture, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India varieties under closer spacing during under Arabhavi condition. The description of the varieties as follows. No Variety Description Choicest variety of the country, Superior eating and keeping quality. Most preferred variety for export purpose.

Alphonso Average fruit weight is about g. Dwarf, Regular bearing and late maturing hybrid most suited for HDP. The hybrid variety is cross between 2. Amrapali Dashehari x Neelum. Average fruit weight is about TSS: Leading cultivar of Gujarat with a red blush on the shoulders.

Kesar Early maturing variety with good processing quality. TSS: oBrix. The hybrid variety derived from Neelum x Dashehari.

Heavy yielding, Regular bearing and late season variety 4. Mallika with good export potential. Fruit is medium to big size g cadmium yellow colour. TSS: 24 oBrix 5. Totapuri Commercial variety of south India. Fruits are medium to large g. Per cent fruit set was cultivars.

Fruit set is a varietal character depends on many calculated by dividing number of fruit set at pea stage per factors such as time of flowering, sex ratio, efficient cross panicle, by number of hermaphrodite flowers produced per pollination.

The fruit set per cent per panicle at pea stage panicle and expressed in per cent. The yield attributes viz. The findings are per hectare was recorded at the time of harvesting and the in accordance with the findings of Jatav [5]. The data was subjected to statistical analysis for meaningful minimum number of fruits set per cent at pea stage was conclusions.